1  THE STUDY OF UNDERSTANDING IN ARITHMETIC EDUCATION
       UNDERSTANDING PHASE AND LEARNING PROCESS MODEL
                       -IN CASE OF AREA-LEARNING FOURTH GRADERS-
     Hideharu Fujita: Hirano Primary School Attached to Osaka Kyouiku University 
                Shigeki Yamamoto: Sakai Municipal Eishou Primary School

2  Cross-Cultural Studies of Mathematics Education Classroom 
     Keiko Hino:Faculty of Education,Nara University of Education 

3  Generation of Cognitive Conflicts concerning the Existence of Diagonal Lines
      Katsuro Tejima:  Faculty of Elementary Education, Seitoku University